Climate Change & Environmental Science

Rome, the capital of Italy, is one of the most historically and culturally rich cities in the world, often referred to as the "Eternal City" due to its enduring influence on global history, politics, art, and architecture. Nestled in the heart of the Italian Peninsula, Rome is a city where ancient ruins seamlessly blend with modern life, creating a unique and mesmerizing atmosphere that attracts millions of visitors each year. It is a city that has witnessed the rise and fall of empires, the birth of the Renaissance, and the evolution of Western civilization, making it a treasure trove of historical and artistic marvels.Rome’s history spans over 2,500 years, beginning as a small settlement on the banks of the Tiber River before becoming the center of the powerful Roman Empire. The city’s legendary origins date back to 753 BC, when, according to myth, Romulus and Remus, twin brothers raised by a she-wolf, founded Rome. Over time, Rome expanded its influence, reaching its peak during the reign of the Roman Empire, when it became a hub of politics, military power, and culture. The empire’s legacy can still be seen today through its grand monuments, architectural innovations, and legal and political systems that have influenced the modern world.One of Rome’s most iconic landmarks is the Colosseum, an ancient amphitheater that once hosted gladiatorial contests, public spectacles, and dramatic performances. Built in the 1st century AD, the Colosseum remains one of the best-preserved ancient structures, symbolizing the grandeur and ingenuity of Roman engineering. Nearby, the Roman Forum, a sprawling complex of ruins, was once the epicenter of political, religious, and commercial life in ancient Rome. Walking through its ancient pathways, visitors can witness the remnants of temples, basilicas, and government buildings that once defined the city’s power.

Another significant site is the Pantheon, a magnificent temple dedicated to all gods, constructed during the reign of Emperor Hadrian in the 2nd century AD. With its massive dome and oculus at the center, the Pantheon remains a marvel of ancient architecture and engineering. It has served various purposes over the centuries, including as a Christian church, and is the final resting place of several Italian kings and the famous artist Raphael. No visit to Rome is complete without exploring Vatican City, the world’s smallest independent state and the spiritual center of Catholicism. Home to the Pope, Vatican City houses St. Peter’s Basilica, one of the most important religious structures in the world. The basilica’s breathtaking interior, adorned with masterpieces by Michelangelo and Bernini, leaves visitors in awe. The Vatican Museums, a vast collection of art and historical artifacts, include the renowned Sistine Chapel, where Michelangelo’s frescoes, particularly "The Creation of Adam," captivate art enthusiasts from around the world. ome is also known for its stunning fountains and piazzas, which add to the city’s charm and elegance. Piazza Navona, one of the most famous squares, is surrounded by Baroque architecture and features the stunning Fountain of the Four Rivers by Gian Lorenzo Bernini. The Trevi Fountain, another iconic landmark, is a masterpiece of Rococo design where visitors toss coins over their shoulders to ensure their return to Rome. The Spanish Steps, leading to the Trinità dei Monti church, provide a picturesque setting for visitors to relax and enjoy the vibrant atmosphere of the city.