8^th International Conference on Climate Change and Medical Entomology December 16-17, 2019 Dubai, UAE

Tracks / Highlights in Climate Change Conference 2019

Track 1: Climate Change and Climatology

Climate change is defined as a change in the statistical distribution of weather patterns. Climatology is the study of the Earth's weather patterns and the systems that cause them.

Climatology is deductively characterized as climate conditions arrived at the midpoint of over a time of time.

Factors such as Biotic processes, variations in solar radiation received by Earth, Plate tectonics, and Volcanic eruptions cause the changes in the Climate. Climatologists today are putting their all efforts towards understanding, explaining and attempting to do something about global warming. Climate Change has become much more prominent nationally and internationally as it is clear that human actions are damaging the environment. Climatology has an exciting future of new discoveries and new technologies. It also has some new challenges to rise as we head deeper into the 21^st century.

• Greenhouse gas emissions

• Global temperature measurements

• Changes in precipitation patterns

• Global ice measurements

• Natural Climate Drivers

• Human Impacts on Climate

Track 2: Medical Entomology

Medical entomology is focused upon insects and arthropods that impact human health. Many animal diseases can "jump species" and become a human health threat so Veterinary entomology is also included in this category. Medical entomology also includes scientific research on the behavior, ecology, and epidemiology of arthropod disease vectors, and involves a tremendous outreach to the public in the interest of public safety.

Medical Entomology, in other words, is medical science directly concerned with vectors that affect human and animal health.

• Veterinary Entomology

• Biology of Arthropods

• Importance of Arthropods in Parasitology

• Medical conditions related to arthropods

• Vector control measures

• Parasitology

Track 3: Causes and Effects of Climate Change

There could be several causes for climate change. Rising concentration of carbon dioxide is the factor for climate change that we face today. Some human activities have also been identified as the primary causes of ongoing climate change, often referred to as global warming. Climate change is any significant long-term change of average weather of a region over a significant period of time. The potential future effects of global climate change include more frequent wildfires, longer periods of drought in some regions and an increase in the number, duration and intensity of tropical storms. Taken as a whole, the net damage costs of climate change are likely to be significant and to increase over time.

• Frost-free season

• Droughts and heat waves

• Hurricanes

• Frequent wildfires

• Global warming

Track 4: Vector-Borne Diseases

Vector-Borne diseases are caused by parasites, viruses and bacteria that are transmitted by mosquitoes, sand flies, triatomine bugs, black flies, ticks, tsetse flies, mites, snails and lice. Of all infectious diseases, vector-borne diseases account for around 17%. Infected arthropod species bite transmits vector-borne diseases.

Climate is only one of many factors influencing vector distribution and some factors such as habitat destruction, land use, pesticide application, and host density also contributes to Vector-borne Diseases. At present bite of infected mosquitoes, ticks and fleas have more than tripled.

The ecology of Vector-Borne Diseases is complex. In the tropical and sub-tropical regions of developing countries, Insect-borne diseases are mainly found.

• Dengue fever

• West Nile Virus

• Lyme disease

• Malaria

• Tick-borne diseases

• Exotic vector-borne diseases

Track 5: Climate Change and Health

The physical, social and psychological health of humans is affected directly and indirectly by environmental consequences of climate change, such as extreme heat waves, rising sea levels, changes in precipitation resulting in flooding and droughts, intense hurricanes, and degraded air quality etc. Every human is vulnerable to the health impacts associated with climate change. Changes in climate and climate variability particularly changes in weather extremes, affect Climate change, together with other natural and human-made health stressors, influences human health and disease in numerous ways. More people will likely be exposed to the effects of climate change in the next century even greater impacts in the future. People's health is already being harmed by climate change, and the magnitude of this harm is almost certain to get much worse if effective actions are not taken properly.

• Human Health and Wellbeing Climate

• Effects of global warming on human health

• Impact of climate change on health

• Environmental Conservation

• Climate Change Health Risks

Track 6: Food Insecurity & Climate Change

Food security and nutrition are affected by all dimensions of Climate change. Global food security, sustainable development and poverty eradication are the serious threat to Climate change. A world without hunger progress can be potentially interrupted by climate change. A robust and coherent global pattern impacts on crop productivity that could have consequences for food availability. Whole food systems stability may be at risk under climate change because of short-term variability in supply. climate change influences on food security. Due to Climate change's impacts on weather patterns will have adverse effects that will threaten food security. Climate change, which is disrupting weather patterns that farmers rely upon is also raising food insecurity to 821 million people worldwide.

• Food availability Changes

• Climate change, agriculture and food security

• Risk of increased food insecurity

• Food and Nutrition Security & Climate Change

• Climate Change and Global Food Systems

Track 7: Climate Change: Marine Life

Many of the marine species are affected by climate change include plankton which forms the basis of marine food chains. From warming waters and ocean acidification, marine life faces challenges. Warming waters alter the latitude and depth which harms certain species. Climate change effects on ocean life and ultimately, human life. Changes to the climate is brought by increasing levels of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, which leads to changes in the oceans, including sea-level rise and ocean acidification, which will end up at risk for marine ecosystems and coastal communities. Oxygen levels in the deep ocean have reduced by warming, threatening marine life around the world.

• Biological diversity on Earth

• Effects of global warming on oceans

• Marine protected areas

• Ocean species and ecosystems

Track 8: Pollution and Climate Changes

Pollution and climate change are closely related. The main sources of CO₂ emissions are the extraction and burning of fossil fuels. Climate change and pollution are linked to one another by our increasing use of fossil fuels, including coal, petroleum, and natural gas. According to the WHO, air pollution is closely associated with climate change and in particular, with global warming. Climate change might also affect human health by making our air less healthy to breathe. Drastic changes can lead to an increase in allergens and harmful air pollutants. Air pollution affects people of all ages and across all social classes throughout the world

• Environment Pollution and Climate Change

• Urban air pollution and climate change

• Plastic and Climate Change

• Harmful air pollutants

• Marine pollution

• Air Quality and Climate Change

• Forest fires

Track 9: Climate Change Challenges & Sustainability

One of the most important global environmental challenges is Climate change, with implications for food production, water supply, health, energy, etc. Climate change is considered to be the most significant challenge to achieving sustainable development, and it threatens to drag millions of people into grinding poverty. Although we are leading better lives than a decade ago, persistent poverty and hunger, as well as rapid urbanization, are challenging. Global emissions of greenhouse gases are rising. This is clearly not sustainable. But scientific knowledge about climate change is advancing rapidly which is a  positive note

• Sustainable Agriculture and Climate Change

• Climate change, ethics and sustainability

• Sustainable Development & Climate Change

• Global Warming, Climate Change and Sustainability

Track 10: Global Warming and Consequences

Increase in temperatures, sea levels rising, and more frequent and intense extreme weather events are causing due to Global warming. Environmental and social changes caused by human emissions of greenhouse gases are the effects of global warming. Far-reaching, long-lasting and in many cases, devastating is expected to the consequences of global warming. There is an increase in average air temperatures near the surface of Earth over the past one to two centuries. Climate change affects all regions around the world. Sea levels are also rising due to the melting of Polar ice shields. The most evident effect of climate change can be clearly seen  in the increased temperatures

• Effects of global warming

• Impacts of global warming

• Global Warming Causes, Effects and Solutions

• Consequences of Global Warming on Human Health

• Species extinction

Track 11: Oceanography and Marine Biology

Oceanography undertakes extensive research in ocean sciences with a particular focus on the key ocean processes that affect the climate system. The last 4.5 Billion years the Earth's Climate is not static but has evolved over and continues to do so into the Anthropocene. Climate on the Earth is controlled by the interactions among atmosphere, ocean, and land surface. Temperatures rising can also directly affect the metabolism, life cycle, and behavior of marine species. Many marine species could get affected by climate change which alters the metabolism, life cycle, and behavior. Climate change will alter marine life and there is no doubt on it.

• Physical Oceanography

• Marine problems: climate change

• Climate Change on Marine Organisms

Track 12: Ecosystems and biodiversity

Climate change affects the living world through changes in ecosystems and biodiversity. Ecosystems diversity deals with the variations in ecosystems within a geographical location as well as the non-living things with which they interact, such as air, soil, water, and sunlight. Ecosystems bring vital services to society such as biodiversity conservation, protection and enrichment of soils, purification of water and air and reduction of natural disaster risks. Biodiversity is the variability among living organisms including terrestrial, marine, and other aquatic ecosystems and the ecological complexes.

• Biodiversity and Ecosystem Stability

• Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity

• The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity

• Biodiversity in the Forest's Ecosystems

Track 13: Sustainable environment and health

Critical component of sustainable development is protecting and creating healthy environments. Sustainable health can be integrated into Environmental health as a prerequisite for sustainable development. Very little information exists on environmental health and their effects of climate change, pollution and other environmental factors that can-do harm people's health, livelihoods and lives. The longstanding link between the environment and health have led to a recognition of the need for sustainable development. Environmental sustainability is the rates of renewable resource harvest, pollution creation that can be continued indefinitely. It is furthermore defined as responsible interaction with the environment to avoid depletion or degradation of natural resources and allow for long-term environmental quality. To tackle the Earth’s problems, we have to commit ourselves to protect the world natural heritage

• Sustainable Healthcare

• Environmental Sustainability

• Advance Sustainability and the Environment

• Top Environmental Problems

• Sustainable Diets

• Sustainable Environment Research

Track 14: Weather forecasts and scenarios

Weather forecasting is the application of science and technology to predict the state of the weather in an area with an assessment of atmospheric conditions for a given location and time. As much data as possible about the current state of the Temperature, humidity and wind are particularly collected for Weather forecasts. The forecast should reflect different possible uncertainty scenarios associated with every forecast. Climate scenarios are represented by the statistical behavior of the weather based on assumptions. Now excellent information about forecast uncertainty is provided by Computer models

• Weather forecasting

• Probability of precipitation forecast

• Weather Forecasting and Its Classification

• Weather Analysis and Forecasting

Track 15: Renewable Energy and Resources

Renewable energy is energy that is collected from renewable resources, which are naturally replenished. These resources are often also referred to as alternative or renewable energy. This includes sunlight, geothermal heat, wind, tides, water, and different types of biomass. This Energy can't be deplenished and is constantly recharged. Solar wind power is an alternative approach to producing clean, non-polluting energy and is considered as most generous renewable energy sources. Ocean waters create a vast store of kinetic energy. Ocean energy has the potential of providing a huge amount of renewable energy around the world.

• Benefits of Renewable Energy Use

• Sources of Renewable Energy

• Solar & Wind Energy

• Marine Energy

• Green Energy and Economy

• Geothermal Energy

Track 16: Biofuels and Bioenergy

Bioenergy and biofuels are recognized globally as crucial elements in the reduction of greenhouse gases for the acceleration of global warming and climate change. Bioenergy is renewable energy made from materials acquired from biological origin. Biomass is any organic matter which has deposited sunlight in the form of chemical energy. In its most exclusive sense, it is a synonym to biofuel, which is fuel obtained from biological sources. This is a common misbelief, as bioenergy is the energy cultivated from the biomass, as the biomass is the fuel and the bioenergy is the energy stored in the fuel.

• Biomass

• Algae Biofuels

• Biodiesel

• Biomass feedstocks for renewable energy generation

• Biomass Technologies

• Production of Biofuels

Track 17: Human Ecology and Social Change

Human ecology is an interdisciplinary study of the relationship between living organisms and humans with their natural, social, and built environments. The ecosystem is considered perceived in human ecology. Human Ecology combines the ideas and methods from several disciplines, including anthropology, sociology, biology, economic history and archaeology. Nature, speed and process of social change in societies always influence nature. Ecosystem functioning reflects the life activities of plants, animals, and microbes and these activities effects feeding, growing, moving, excreting waste, etc.

• Human ecology and its applications

• Biotic

• Abiotic

• Anthropology

• Prospects and future directions

Track 18: Nuclear Energy and Technologies

Nuclear power is the use of nuclear reactions that release nuclear energy to generate heat. Nuclear energy comes from splitting atoms in a reactor to heat water into steam, turn a turbine and generate electricity. Nuclear energy provides access to clean, reliable and affordable energy. The effect of nuclear is seen in every organism of the environment from bacteria to plant and to human beings. The damage it causes depends on the level of radiation and the resiliency of the organism. Radiation causes molecules to lose electrons thus destroying it. High doses of radiation can be devastating to the environment.

• Nuclear Reactions

• Nuclear Materials

• Nuclear Radiation

• Nuclear Medicine

• Effect of Nuclear Energy

• Human health

• Applications of Nuclear Energy

• Recent Trends in Nuclear Energy

Track 19: Green House Gases and Its Effects

CO₂ and other greenhouse gases act like a blanket, absorbing IR radiation and preventing it from escaping into outer space. The net effect is the gradual heating of the Earth's atmosphere and surface, a process known as global warming. A greenhouse gas is a gas that absorbs and emits radiant energy within the thermal infrared range. The primary greenhouse gases in Earth's atmosphere are water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide and ozone. Certain gases in the atmosphere block heat from escaping. Gases in the atmosphere such as carbon dioxide do what the roof of a greenhouse does. The greenhouse effect of Earth's atmosphere keeps some of the Sun's energy from escaping back into space at night.

• Current trends in global greenhouse gas emissions

• global emissions

• Carbon dioxide

• fossil fuels

• Solar radiation spectrum

Track 20: Thermal Pollution

Thermal pollution is the degradation of water quality by any process that changes ambient water temperature. A common cause of thermal pollution is the use of water as a coolant by power plants and industrial manufacturers. Many human and natural factors contribute to the problem of thermal pollution. The single biggest cause of thermal pollution is probably cooling for industrial machinery and power plants. Thermal pollution also has some natural causes.

• Causes and Effects of Thermal Pollution

• Thermal Pollution of Water

• Physical effects of thermal pollution

• Thermal pollution from coal plants

• Thermal pollution of the atmosphere

Track 21: Climate Change Policies and law

Solving our climate change problems is the moral, economic, policy, political and technological challenge of our generation. This pollution is generated primarily by our region’s heavy concentration of old, highly polluting coal plants. But we can also be a fulcrum for solutions that make good economic and environmental sense. Clean renewable energy and energy efficiency policies, clean air implementation and enforcement, and clean transportation innovation. The shading reflects the number of relevant policies or pieces of legislation in each country. There are more than 1,500 climate laws and policies worldwide

• Environment and climate change

• Climate Change Legislation

• Local Climate Change Law

• Climate Change Action Plan

Track 22: Control Climate Change

The enormity of global warming can be daunting and dispiriting. Not all are right for everybody. Some you may already be doing or absolutely abhor. But implementing just a few of them could make a difference. Replacing fossil fuels may prove the great challenge of the 21^st century. Reducing greenhouse gases is a potential last resort for addressing the challenge of climate change. Purchasing energy-efficient gadgets can also save both energy and money and thus prevent more greenhouse gas emissions.

• Solutions to Climate Changes

• Climate change mitigation

• Climate Change: The Public Health Response

• Global Climate Change Control

• Forego Fossil Fuels

• Future Fuels

Market Growth of Climate Change & Medical Entomology 

Greenhouse Gas Emission :

One of the most challenging studies nowadays is understanding and interpreting the Changing climate system of the earth. Due to the change in the Climatic Conditions, high Biodiversification and a reduction in Biodiversity is observed. The influence by the humans against the natural forces creates a drastic change by increasing the emission of greenhouse gases which effects not only on particular ecosystem but on a whole planet by industrialization and by desertification increasing levels.

This not only affects the resources but also affects the comfortability of living including shifting shorelines, declining agricultural productivity, the crisis of food supply, availability of water, the health of populations, and flooding, drought, Intense hurricanes which are considered as extreme weather events. Hence there should be in a need of understanding risks, managing them.

Climate change laws around the world:

There has been a 20-fold increase in the number of global climate change laws since 1997, there were just 60 laws in place with having risen 20-fold to reach 1,260 today which is shown in the database.

The database, produced by the Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment and the Sabin Center on Climate Change Law, includes more than 1,200 relevant policies across 164 countries, which account for 95% of global greenhouse gas emissions.

The database shows the extent to which climate change legislation has permeated global political discourse, as well as variations in approach between developed and developing countries.

The stock of climate laws has doubled every four or five years. the number of climate laws continues to grow rapidly. Stepping back from the details, one issue highlighted in the 2017 update report is that current climate policies fall far short of what is needed to avoid global warming of 2^oC or more

Related Conferences:

1. 9^th International Conference on Environment and Climate Change, November 18^th-19^th, 2019 Johannesburg

2. 7^th World Congress and Expo on Green Energy, June 24-25, 2019  Barcelona, Spain.

3. 8^th International Conference on  Environment and Climate Change, November 22-23, 2019  Bucharest, Romania.

4. 2^nd World Conference on Soil Microbiology, Ecology and Biochemistry, February 25-26, 2019 London, UK

5. 5^th International  Conference on Pollution Control & Sustainable Environment, March 14-16, 2019 London, UK.

6. International Conference On Green Energy, April 01-02, 2019 Amsterdam   Netherlands.

7. 2^nd Annual Congress on Soil and Water Sciences, October 22-23, 2019 Berlin, Germany

8. 5^th International Conference on GIsS and Remote Sensing, September 19-20, 2019 Rome, Italy

9. 14^th International Conference on Agriculture & Horticulture, August 15-16, 2019 Rome, Italy

Related Universities:

Climate Change and Medical Entomology based Universities in Europe

1. University of Oxford
2. University of Cambridge
3. Delft University of Technology
4. Ecol Polytechnique Fédérale de    
5. Stockholm University    
6. Technical University of Denmark    
7. Lund University    
8. UCL(University College London)    
9. Aarhus University    
10. Lancaster University    
11. RWTH Aachen University    
12. University of Aberdeen     
13. University of Birmingham    
14.  University of Bristol    
15. The University of Exeter    
16. Ghent University      
17. University of Helsinki    
18. University of Leeds    
19. University of Reading    
20. University of Southampton    
21. Uppsala University    
22. Utrecht University    
23. Radboud  University    
24. Norwegian University of Science And Technology    
25. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences    
26. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid    
27. Universität Bremen Albert-Ludwigs-Universitaet Freiburg    
28. University of Vienna    
29. Université Pierre et Marie Curie    
30. University of Liverpool    
31. Plymouth University    
32. Aalborg University    
33. Charles University   
34. Christian-Albrechts-University zu Kie    
35. Eberhard Karls Universität  Tübingen    
36. Loughborough University    
37. Queen's University Belfas    
38. Lomonosov Moscow State University    
39. Cranfield University    
40. Cardiff University    
41. Bangor University    
42. University of Zurich         

Climate Change and Global Warming based Universities in Asia

1. National University of Singapore (NUS)    
2. Tsinghua University    
3. The University of Tokyo  Peking University    
4. Seoul National University    
5. National Taiwan University (NTU)    
6. Kyoto University    
7. Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM)    
8. Shanghai Jiao Tong University    
9. KAIST - Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology    
10. The University of Hong Kong  National Taiwan University    
11. Sun Yat-sen University    
12. Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur    
13. Kasetsart University    
14.  National Tsing Hua University    
15. Pusan National University
16. Sungkyunkwan    
17. University King Abdullah    
18. Taiwan University of Science and Technology    
19. Hong Kong Baptist University    
20. Dalian University of Technology    
21. China Agricultural University    
22. Kebangsaan Malaysia University    
23. University of Tsukuba     
24. Osaka University    
25. Kyushu University    
26. Indian Institute of Technology Bombay     
27. Indian Institute of Science Asian Institute of Technology    
28. University of Science and Technology of China    
29. University Teknologi    
30. Malaysia University    
31. Putra Malaysia Tokyo Institute of Technology
32. Tohoku University    
33. Pohang University of Science And Technology    
34. National Cheng Kung University Korea University    
35. Hokkaido University   Hanyang University     
36. Fudan University    
37. Chulalongkorn University    
38. Beijing Normal University    
39. The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology     
40.  Shanghai Jiao Tong University     
41. Kyoto University    
42. Yale University    
43. University of California    
44. The University of Queensland

Climate Change and Medical Entomology based Universities in USA

1. University of California-Berkeley    
2. Stanford University    
3. Bren School of Environmental Science & Management     
4. State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry            
5. Huxley College of the Environment    
6. University of Michigan      
7. University of California, Davis       
8. Yale University    
9. University of Wisconsin-Madison    
10. University of Colorado Boulder    
11. Columbia University    
12. Johns Hopkins University    
13. Princeton University    
14. University of California, Los Angeles     
15. McGill University    
16. Arizona State University    
17. University of Washington     
18. University of California-Irvine     
19. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill   
20.  University of Minnesota-Duluth    
21. Texas A & M University-College Station    
22. University of Minnesota     
23. University of Florida     
24. California State University     
25. Appalachian State University     
26. Iowa State University    
27. Dominican University    
28. University of Texas    
29. Saint Cloud State University    
30. Michigan Technological University      
31. University of Massachusetts      
32. University of North Texas    
33. University of Montana Missoula      
34. University of Nebraska-Lincoln     
35. University of Ottawa    
36. Brown University     
37. Dalhousie University      
38. University du Québec       
39. University of Delaware    
40. University of Southern California    
41. Florida State University    
42. Laval University        
43. McMaster University     
44. University of Hawai'i at Mania     
45. Texas A&M University      
46. Pennsylvania State University    
47. University of Missouri, Columbia      
48. University of New Mexico     
49. University of Oklahoma 

Climate Change and Medical Entomology based Universities in Africa

1. University of Oklahoma    
2. Stellenbosch University    
3. Rhodes University    
4. University of Pretoria    
5. University of the Western Cape

Related Associations:

EUROPEAN SOCIETIES

1. Association for Environment Conscious Building   
2. Centre for Alternative Technology (CAT)   
3. Climate Action Network - Europe (CAN-Europe)
4. Earth Liberation Front (ELF)   
5. Earth Liberation Prisoner Support Network (ELPSN)   
6. Environmental Investigation Agency   
7. Environmental Justice Foundation  
8. Environmental Law Foundation (ELF)   
9. Environmental Protection UK   
10. European Association of Environmental and Resource Economists
11. European Biomass Association   
12. European Environmental Bureau   
13. Forest Peoples Programme  
14. Friends of Nature   
15. Friends of the Earth   
16. Global Footprint Network   
17. Global Witness   
18. Great Transition Initiative  
19. Green Actors of West Africa (GAWA)   
20. Green Alliance   
21. Green Cross International   
22. Greenpeace  
23. Groundwork UK   
24. IDEAS For Us   
25. International Analog Forestry Network   
26. International Network for Sustainable Energy(INFORSE)   
27. International Tree Foundation   
28. International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN)   
29. John Muir Trust   
30. Marine Conservation Society   
31. National Trust for Places of Historic Interest or Natural Beauty   
32. People & Planet   
33. Population Matters   
34. Sandbag   
35. Scottish Wildlife Trust   
36. Stop Climate Chaos   
37. The Civic Trust   
38. The Corner House   
39. The Facilities Society (sustainable facilities)  
40. The Institution of Environmental Sciences   
41. Town and Country Planning Association   
42. UK Environmental Law Association (UKELA)  
43. Whale and Dolphin Conservation Society   
44. Wildfowl & Wetlands Trust   
45. Woodland Trust  

ASIAN SOCIETIES

1. Agency for Non-conventional Energy and Rural Technology (ANERT)  
2. Australian Conservation Foundation   
3. Australian Koala Foundation   
4. Australian Network of Environmental Defenders Offices   
5. Australian Student Environment Network   
6. Australian Wildlife Conservancy   
7. Australian Youth Climate Coalition   
8. AVAHAN (A Vedic Organization For Humanity And Nature)   
9. Blue Wedges   
10. Bombay Natural History Society (BNHS)   
11. Bush Heritage Australia   
12. Cape Town Ecology Group  
13. Centre for Science and Environment (CSE)   
14. CERES Community Environment Park   
15. Clean Ocean Foundation   
16. Delhi Greens (NGO)   
17. Dolphin Action & Protection Group   
18. Earthlife Africa   
19. Emirates Environmental Group  
20. Endangered Wildlife Trust   
21. Environment Victoria   
22. Environmentalist Foundation of India   
23. EThekwini ECOPEACE   
24. Foundation for National Parks & Wildlife   
25. Friends of Nature (China)   
26. Green Camel Bell   
27. Greening Australia   
28. Greenpeace East Asia   
29. Greenpeace Southeast Asia   
30. Groundwork   
31. Himalayan Welfare Organization, Pahalgam   
32. Keep Australia Beautiful   
33. Koeberg Alert   
34. Natural Justice: Lawyers for Communities and the Environment   
35. PoovulaginNanbargal   
36. Pragya India   
37. Saudi Environmental Society   
38. Sibuyanons Against Mining   
39. The Earth Organization   
40. The Wilderness Society (Australia)   
41. Vindhyan Ecology and Natural History Foundation   
42. Wildlife & Environment Society   
43. Wildlife Watch Australia   

AMERICAN SOCIETIES

1. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources  
2. Alabama Department of Environmental Management  
3. Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation  
4. Alaska Department of Natural Resources  
5. Arizona Department of Environmental Quality 
6. Arizona Game and Fish Department  
7. Arkansas Department of Environmental Quality  
8. Australian Koala Foundation  
9. Australian Network of Environmental Defenders Offices  
10. Australian Student Environment Network  
11. Australian Wildlife Conservancy  
12. Australian Youth Climate Coalition  
13. California Department of Conservation  
14. California Department of Fish and Game  
15. California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection  
16. California Department of Parks and Recreation 
17. California Department of Pesticide Regulation  
18. California Department of Toxic Substances Control  
19. California Department of Water Resources  
20. California Environmental Protection Agency  
21. California Natural Resources Agency  
22. Colorado Department of Natural Resources  
23. Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection  
24. Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control  
25. Department of Energy and Environment 
26. Department of Energy and Environment  
27. Florida Department of Environmental Protection  
28. Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission 
29. Illinois Department of Natural Resources  
30. Indiana Department of Environmental Management  
31. Iowa Department of Natural Resources  
32. Kansas Department of Agriculture, Division of Water Resources  
33. Kansas Department of Health and Environment, Division of Environment  
34. Kentucky Department for Natural Resources  
35. Kentucky Department of Environmental Protection  
36. Louisiana Department of Environmental Quality  
37. Louisiana Department of Natural Resources  
38. Maine Department of Environmental Protection  
39. Maryland Department of Natural Resources  
40. Maryland Department of the Environment  
41. Massachusetts Executive Office of Energy and Environmental Affairs (EOEEA)  
42. Northwest Florida Water Management District  
43. South Florida Water Management District  
44. Southwest Florida Water Management District  
45. St. Johns River Water Management District  
46. Suwannee River Water Management District  

The Truth About West Nile Virus

In most cases, a mosquito-transmitted virus causes West Nile infection. Avoiding mosquito bites is the best method to reduce the risk of infections. Eliminating standing pools of water, such as in old tires, buckets, gutters, and swimming pools can be done to reduce it.

Female mosquito is the prime method of spread of the West Nile virus (WNV). The important mosquito vectors vary according to the area.

• Cats were identified as being hosts for West Nile virus in Europe.
• In the United States, Culex Pipiens is the main vector species.

WNV infected mosquito species feed primarily on birds. Rarely,1 in 150 persons infected with the West Nile virus will develop a more severe form of the disease. Mild disease symptoms will generally last a few days, While Symptoms of the severe disease may last several weeks.

Symptoms

In 80% of infections, people have few or no symptoms.About 20% of people develop symptoms of neurological infections include:

• High fever.
• Vomitings.
• A severe headache.
• Stiff neck.
• Disorientation or confusion.
• Stupor or coma.
• Tremors or muscle jerking.
• Seizures.
• Partial paralysis or muscle weakness.

West Nile virus diagnosis

Besides the physical exam, the presence of the West Nile virus can be confirmed by performing laboratory tests.If you're infected, a blood test may show a rising level of antibodies to the West Nile virus.

West Nile virus treatment

There is no human vaccine. Antiviral treatments for specific West Nile virus infection are available. In some severe cases, patients need to be hospitalized to receive treatment- such as intravenous fluids, pain medication, and nursing care.

West Nile virus prevention

The best way to avoid West Nile virus disease is to prevent mosquito bites: Use insect repellents when you go outdoors. When many mosquitoes are most active wear fully covered proper clothing from dusk through dawn. Install or fix screens on windows and doors.